A lymph node biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which a sample of tissue is removed from a lymph node for examination under a microscope. This procedure is used to investigate abnormalities in lymph nodes, such as swelling or enlargement, which can indicate infections, inflammatory diseases, or cancers like lymphoma or metastatic cancer. There are several methods for performing a lymph node biopsy, including fine needle aspiration (FNA), core needle biopsy, and excisional biopsy. FNA involves using a thin needle to withdraw a small amount of tissue, while core needle biopsy uses a larger needle to obtain a more substantial sample. Excisional biopsy involves surgically removing the entire lymph node for examination. The primary reasons for performing a lymph node biopsy include diagnosing or staging cancers such as lymphoma or breast cancer, assessing the spread of cancer to lymph nodes, and evaluating causes of persistent lymph node enlargement. It also helps to differentiate between benign and malignant conditions and guide treatment decisions. Complications from a lymph node biopsy are generally rare but can include infection, bleeding, or pain at the biopsy site. There is also a risk of damage to surrounding structures or nerves, depending on the biopsy method and the location of the lymph node. Some patients may experience temporary swelling or tenderness. Despite these potential risks, lymph node biopsy is a valuable diagnostic tool that provides crucial information for accurate diagnosis and effective management of various medical conditions.
